How to add a new navigation menu to your WordPress site

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Anastis Sourgoutsidis

Do you need to show an extra navigation menu on your WordPress site? Or perhaps you need to show a bunch of links someplace? No matter your use-case, WordPress provides navigation menus that are very easy to create, manage and display. If you like the drag and drop interface of the navigation menus management screen, and you  so you figured you’ll create a menu to show them.

However, you neither want to show them in the sidebar (“Custom Menu” widget), nor in the content (“menu shortcode” plugin), and your theme doesn’t quite allow you to display it exactly where you want. What do you do? You need to register a new menu location. Let’s see how.

For this tutorial, we’ll use the free and popular Olsen Light theme. Let’s say we want to add a top menu, right above the logo. I’ll assume you’ll be using a child theme, so future theme updates won’t discard your customizations. Let’s start!

Screenshot of Olsen Light WordPress theme

Registering a menu location

To register our new menu location, we’re going to use the register_nav_menu() function. Open your functions.php and add the following:

It’s pretty straightforward. The first parameter, ‘top_menu’ is just the location ID that we’ll refer to the location with, programmatically. The second parameter is a human readable title, that will be displayed in the WordPress UI. The above line could also be rewritten as:

register_nav_menus() allows us to define multiple new menu locations in a single call. In fact, register_nav_menu() itself calls register_nav_menus() in the background.

Creating and assigning a menu

If you now go to Dashboard → Appearance → Menus, you’ll notice that a new location is available, with the name “Top Menu“, just like we defined in functions.php.

Go ahead and press the “create a new menu” link, assign a few menu items, and assign it to the “Top Menu” location. Also make sure you have one or more sub-menu items, as we’ll need them for the purpose of this tutorial. If you’re not sure how to do that, read the related codex page first and come back. I named my newly created menu simply as “Top”.

Displaying the menu

We’re gonna need to add some code in header.php so if you don’t have it in your child theme, grab a copy from the parent theme. Right after the opening <body> tag (around line 10, might change from version to version) you’ll see these lines:

To be exactly, here’s where our code will go, as I’ll not be including the surrounding HTML elements in the code listings that are to follow:

Now that we have identified an appropriate place for our code that is above the logo, let’s go ahead and add it:

Two interesting things happen in those 7 lines. First, in line 1 we check if there’s a menu assigned on the ‘top_menu’ location using the has_nav_menu() function. If there is, then we echo the wrapping div and the menu. This helps to avoid having an empty div if there isn’t a menu to show.

Second, we display assigned menu by using wp_nav_menu() and passing the ‘theme_location‘ parameter we’re directing it to show whatever our ‘top_menu‘ location is assigned to.

At this point, we can refresh our page and see what happens.

Screenshot of Olsen Light WordPress theme, with an unstyled menu.

Success! It’s ugly, but it works! Now it’s mostly a matter of styling it according to our needs. If you inspect the new menu with your browser’s developer tools, you’ll find that this markup has been generated (yours will differ, but should be quite similar):

We can see on lines 2 and 3 that WordPress has generated the class .menu-top-container and the id #menu-top for us. These are based on the nav menu we created via the UI and we named “Top”, and don’t relate to the location name, which would include the string “top_menu” verbatim. So, let’s remove the div.menu-top-container altogether, and change the class and id of the <ul>:

‘menu_class‘ and ‘menu_id‘ set respectively the classes and ids that the <ul> element will get. Just add/remove anything you need. Similarly, there are ‘container_class‘ and ‘container_id‘ parameters that behave exactly the same but apply on the container. We could have used, but we don’t need a container anyway, so we set ‘container‘ to an empty string to no longer include it, but we could have instead set it to ‘nav‘, ‘span‘ or any other non self-closing element if required.

Classes .nav and .navigation are already used by the theme, so I’m reusing them for brevity. They are enough to demonstrate how menus are affected.

If you now refresh your page, you should see that the menu has been transformed. If you also hover over the item that has sub-menu items, you’ll see them expanding to show.

Screenshot of Olsen Light WordPress theme, with a styled menu and expanded sub-menu.

But hey, this is a top menu and we don’t actually need sub-menu items. Should you (or your other administrators) always have to remember not to assign a sub-menu at this location? Heck no!

You can simply pass ‘depth‘ as 1 (the default is 0, which means no limit), which will limit the menu to just one level. Or change it to any other non-zero number that suits your requirements. Now refresh again, and witness the marvel of WordPress automatically discarding sub-menu items!

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